The consequences of quantum computing

Kokan Malenko (2017) The consequences of quantum computing. EngD thesis.

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Abstract

Quantum computing is a new promising field that might bring great improvements to present day technology. But it might also break some currently used cryptography algorithms. Usable and stable quantum computers do not exist yet, but their potential power and usefulness has spurred a great interest. In this work, we explain the basic properties of a quantum computer, which uses the following quantum properties: superposition, interference and entanglement. We talk about qubits, the units of quantum information, and the ways we can manipulate them. We briefly explain the main idea behind three of the most important quantum algorithms, namely: Shor's algorithm, Grover's algorithm and the Quantum Algorithm for Linear Systems of Equations, also known as HHL. The biggest emphasis in this thesis is put on quantum reality. In other words what would happen if quantum computers were to become real. We raise questions about the latest achievements in the field of quantum computing and the challenges that it faces, such as, how quantum computers might impact cryptography and should we be worried about the changes that they will bring. We also discuss the improvements that quantum information might bring to the field of machine learning. Lastly, we introduce one of the most important application of quantum computers, that is, quantum simulation.

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